Citation+Formats

Modern Language Association. //MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing//. 3rd ed. New York: MLA, 2008. Print. ** __ Bibliography __ __Works Cited__, also known as __References__ **   ** __See bottom of this page for Citation Machine__ ** ** MLA Style is used for all subjects except for Science. **   **__ PAY ATTENTION TO THE PUNCTUATION AND ITALIZED WORDS. __** __ Basic format __ : **Author’s Last Name, First Name. //Title of Book//. Place of publication: Publisher, Year. Print.** (Title of Book in //italics//) Example: Bonvillain, Nancy. //Women and Men: Cultural Constructs of Gender//. UpperSaddleRiver: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print. Example: McIntyre, Kellen Kee, and Richard E. Phillips. //Woman and Art in Early Modern// //Latin America//. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Print.
 * MLA STYLE ** ** THIS DOCUMENT WILL SHOW HOW TO USE THIS FORMAT **  // MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers // . 7th ed. New York: MLA, 2009. Print.
 * Provide complete bibliographic information in correct MLA form for all sources from which you borrow material.
 * Start your bibliography (works cited) list on a new page, and number it as though it were a page in your paper.
 * Arrange __entries alphabetically__ by the authors' last names. If no author is provided for any source, use the title to alphabetize.
 * After the first line of an entry, indent subsequent lines __five spaces__ so that the first word of the entry stands out. This is called hanging indentation.
 * To do this correctly, use the hanging indent option in Microsoft Word; follow the path: Paragraph > Indentation > Special (set to .5).
 * __ Double space __ within and between entries. Be careful that you do not use more than one blank line between entries.
 * __ Leave only one space after periods. __ You no longer need to leave two spaces after end punctuation, like a period, exclamation mark, or question mark. As usual, leave only one space after a comma.
 * Provide information about the medium (or format) for all sources you cite, including print publications. __Sample mediums__ include Print, Web, CD, or DVD.
 * __ Books, Reference Books, Government Publications (Print) __**

List the **Author’s Last Name, First Name of the article first**__, if one exists__. **If there is no author, begin with the title of the article. The editors come after the title of the book when there is an author.** Example: Ullrich, Heidi. “Consumer Movement.” //Encyclopedia of Globalization//. Ed. Roland Robertson and Jan Aart Scholte. New York: Routledge, 2007. Print.
 * __ Reference Books (Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, etc.): __**


 * __ Government Publications: __**

__ Basic Format __ : **Government. Agency. //Title of Publication//. Place: Publisher, Year. Print.** Example: United States. National Intelligence Council. //Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council's 2020 Project, Based on Consultations with Nongovernmental Experts around the World.// Washington: GPO, 2004. Print. MLA does not distinguish between journals pages numbered separately or continuously. You should include the __volume and, date available, issue numbers__ for all journals. __ Basic Format __ : **Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” //Name of Periodical// Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Print.** Example: Demont-Heinrich, Christof. "Globalization, Language, and the Tongue-Tied American." //Journal of Communication Inquiry// 31.2 (2007): 98-117. Print. Example: Gutstein, Eric. "Multiple Language Use and Mathematics: Politicizing the Discussion." //Educational Studies in Mathematics// 64.3 (2007): 243-46. Print.
 * HINT: ** Abbreviate Government Printing Office to **GPO.**
 * __ Articles in Scholarly Journals, Magazines, Newspapers (Print) __**
 * Scholarly Journals **

While you are not required to provide URLs for materials you access on the web, you may include a URL if you think your reader will need it to find the item or if __your instructor requires you to use it.__ **(Gary students will include the URL).** The types of publications accessed via the Internet vary so greatly that it is impossible to give one format to follow. See the examples that follow for the __most common__ types of sources. Keep in mind that (1) __your goal__ is to lead the reader back to your source, and (2) references to electronic publications generally provide more information than references to print resources.
 * __ Online Publications __**
 * ** Article from a Library Research Database ** : (Example: Department of Libraries CPS, CPL)
 * If you are citing an article you found in a library research database, your entry should include all of the elements required for print articles plus the name of the database //(__italicized__//), the medium of the publication (__Web__), and date of access (__day, month, and year__).
 * Example: Messner, Michael. “Barbie Girls versus Sea Monsters: Children Constructing Gender.” //Gender and Society// 14.6 (2000): 765-84. //JSTOR//. Web. 29 Aug. 2008.
 * Example: Nixon, Robin. "Global Gender Bender." //Psychology Today// May-June 2008: 35. //Academic Search Complete//. Web. 29 Aug. 2008.


 * ** Article from a Journal Published Only on the Web **
 * If you are citing an article you found in a journal available only online, your entry should include all of the elements required for a print article (see this handout). However, if the journal does not use page numbers, use n. pag. in place of the inclusive page numbers. You also need to add the medium of the publication (Web), and date of access (day, month, and year) to the citation.
 * Example: Mansour, Wisam. “Humor, Literary Theory and Terror.” //Nebula// 4.4 (2007): 146-50. Web. 29 Aug. 2008.


 * **Schmidt, Gert. “Globalization and Asian Fordisms.” //Globality Studies Journal// 11 (2008): n. pag. Web. 29 Aug. 2008.**

If you are citing a source you found on the web, you should include as many of these elements as possible**. __(In many cases, not all of this will be available__). Use a period after each item except the publisher or sponsor, which is followed by a comma. An untitled work may be identified by a genre label (e.g, Home page, Introduction, Online posting ). Put the genre label in place of the title of the work. Do not enclose it in quotes or use italics.
 * __ Web Sites __**
 * 1) Name of the author(s).
 * 2) Title of the work (//italicized// if the work is independent or in “quotation marks” if it is part of a larger web site).
 * 3) Title of the overall web site if it is distinct from #2 (italicized).
 * 4) Version or edition used if available
 * 5) Publisher or sponsor of the site. Use n.p. if no publisher or sponsor is available.
 * 6) Date of publication (day, month, year, as available). Use n.d. if no date is available.
 * 7) Medium of publication (Web).
 * 8) Date of access (day, month, year).

Example: Kamiya, Gary. “The Eternal Flame.” //Salon.com//. Salon, 25 Aug. 2008. Web. 29 Aug. 2008. Example: “The Thomas Jefferson Papers.” //American Memory Project.// Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2008. Example: United States. US Census Bureau. “Economic Census.” //American Factfinder//. US Census Bureau, 11 May 2005. Web. 29 Aug. 2008.

If you decide to include a URL for the web site, put it in **brackets** at the end of your citation. A period should follow the final bracket. **Example without a URL:** Campbell Soup Company. “Our Brands.” Campbell Soup Company, 2008. Web. 29 Aug. 2008.
 * Example with a ** **URL**: Campbell Soup Company. “Our Brands.” Campbell Soup Company, 2008. Web. 29 Aug. 2008. **[].**

** Works Cited ** // MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers //. 7th ed. New York: MLA, 2009. Print. Modern Language Association. //MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing//. 3rd ed. New York: MLA, 2008. Print.

__** Citation machine **__ helps students and professional researchers to properly credit the information that they use. Its primary goal is to make it so easy for student researchers to cite their information sources, that there is virtually no reason not to. Citation Machine uses the APA and MLA formats.



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